What is a fundamental focus of social cognitive theory?

The fundamental focus of social cognitive theory is centered on individuals' beliefs about their capabilities, often referred to as self-efficacy. This theory emphasizes how people's perceptions of their own abilities influence their motivation, behavior, and ultimately, their success in achieving specific goals. By concentrating on what individuals can do, social cognitive theory fosters a proactive and constructive mindset, encouraging them to engage in behaviors that lead to positive outcomes. This reinforces the idea that personal agency and self-belief are critical for taking action and overcoming challenges.

In contrast, focusing on rewards and punishments might pertain to behaviorist theories that emphasize external motivators rather than intrinsic beliefs. While understanding past failures can provide insight into individual behavior, social cognitive theory primarily aims to empower individuals by concentrating on their potential and current abilities. Additionally, social comparison can influence motivation and self-perception, but it is not the central thrust of social cognitive theory, which is more about individual self-efficacy than comparing oneself to others.