What change occurs in the vessels of older adults that affects cardiorespiratory function?

As individuals age, one of the significant physiological changes observed is the stiffening of blood vessels. This increased stiffness results from a combination of factors, including the accumulation of collagen in the vascular walls, loss of elastin, and changes in the composition of the endothelial lining. Such alterations in the vascular structure affect the ability of blood vessels to expand and contract with each heartbeat.

The ramifications of stiffer blood vessels on cardiorespiratory function can be profound. Stiffness leads to impaired arterial compliance, which means the vessels cannot accommodate the surge of blood that occurs with each heartbeat effectively. This can result in elevated systolic blood pressure, decreased diastolic pressure, and ultimately may contribute to heightened cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, the stiffer vessels can lead to compromised oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, affecting overall cardiac and respiratory efficiency.

While the other options mention changes that could be misunderstood or are inaccurate in the context of aging vascular physiology, the stiffening of vessels stands clear as a primary age-related change with direct implications for cardiorespiratory health.